Your protocol launches. Everything passes the test suite with 100% coverage. Your audits are clean. Then, an unexpected token enters your liquidity pool. The accounting drifts by a fraction of a percent. Within hours, the discrepancy compounds. User...

One of the hardest problems in decentralized systems is this: how do two strangers trade without trusting each other or paying a middleman to coordinate? In traditional finance, this is solved by centralized exchanges. On the blockchain, we solve it...

We have spent the last four posts building MilestoneCrowdfundUpgradeable protocolhttps://polygonscan.com/address/0xf83aaB5f1fAA1a7a74AD27E2f8058801EaA31393. We architected an upgradeable proxy, designed a mathematically rigorous escrow engine, fuzz-t...

In our last post, we built a mathematical proving ground using Foundryhttps://www.getfoundry.sh. We used stateful fuzzing to prove that the rules of our MilestoneCrowdfundUpgradeable protocolhttps://polygonscan.com/address/0xf83aaB5f1fAA1a7a74AD27E2f...

We are building MilestoneCrowdfundUpgradeable: a smart contract that holds donor funds in escrow and releases them only when real-world milestones are verified. In our last post, we designed the engine for this protocol. We built a theoretical fortre...

When you first start writing smart contracts on the EVM chains, your journey usually begins in Remix. It is a powerful, open-source web and desktop application for writing, compiling, testing, and deploying code, making it a fantastic tool for quick ...

In the last post, we looked at how to make smart contracts upgradeable safely. But an upgradeable proxy is just an empty building. Today, we are walking inside the building to look at the engine. If you are new to Web3, you might wonder why we even ...

Smart contracts handle real value, so I believe every line of code should communicate trust. When you first start learning Solidity, you are taught one golden rule: smart contracts are immutable. Deploying a contract is like launching a rocket into ...